Effect of magnesium and calcium as spheroidizers on the. Chemical composition of molten iron should be high carbon, low silicon, low sulfur, and low phosphorus. Sahoo, mtlcanmet, studied the factors affecting the formation of carbides in thinwall ductile iron. Furthermore, the vibrations were also expected to decrease, due to the application of austempered ductile iron. Production of ductile iron is influenced by a large number of metallurgical, technological, heat transfer and designing parameters.
Wo2004022791a1 method for production of ductile iron. Process control in the production of ductile iron castings. Mechanical joint ductile iron pipe is addressed only through 24inch diameters in ansiawwa c151a21. Dilution of magnesium reduces the violence of the subsequent. While it covers installation procedures, maintenance, and recommended safety precautions, it is intended only as a guide, and does not replace appropriate specifications and standards. Graph and download economic data for producer price index by industry. Austempered ductile iron adi is a relatively new engineering material with exceptional combination of mechanical properties and marked potential for numerous applications. The common defining characteristic of this group of materials is the shape of the graphite.
Key difference galvanized pipe vs ductile cast iron iron is a metal that is used for the production of different equipment. The key to nodulizing reaction control is magnesium absorption rate. Ductile iron pressure pipe and fittings pcu33151315111 from dec 1980 to mar 2020 about foundry, iron, ppi, industry, inflation, price index, price, indexes, and usa. Pdf mechanical properties of sgiron with different. The present invention relates to a method for nodularizing treatment of ductile iron using a ladle treatment method for nodularizing of a magnesium ferrosilicon alloy, where a magnesium ferrosilicon nodularizing alloy consisting essentially of 40 to 80% by weight of silicon, 2 to 15 % by weight of magnesium, 0,3 to 5 % by weight of lanthanum, 0 to 6 % by weight of calcium, 0 to 5 % by weight. Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and sg iron, is a type of graphiterich cast iron discovered in 1943 by keith millis. Magnesium is added to the melt in the form of a master alloy. Extraordinary care was taken to select the charge to produce castings of 100mm long round bars with 16mm diameter. Experimental results showed that the production of surface chilled ductile iron having various chill depths can be achieved with controlling of the cooling rate.
Finished repaired water flange fittings with water flow meters gates, rusted pipe. Special test methods were employed to simulate typical conditions of reciprocating sliding wear with and without abrasive contaminated lubricant for. Ductile iron is also called ductile cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, or nodular cast iron. Solution strengthened ferritic ductile cast iron properties. We produce all standard grades of ductile iron including 654512, 805506, and 1007003 as well as austempered ductile iron, and customer specific grades. American ductile iron mechanical joint pipe is centrifugally cast in nominal 20 laying lengths under rigid production and quality control procedures in accordance with ansi awwa standards. This study was undertaken to evaluate the wear resistance of different grades of ductile iron as alternatives to high tensile strength alloyed and inoculated gray irons and bronzes for machine tool and highpressure hydraulic components. The fast cooling rate of thin ductile iron castings requires special consideration to produce carbidefree castings. Ductile iron handbook download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Production of austempered ductile iron gears for transmission. Us20040042925a1 method for production of ductile iron. Figure 3 shows the predicted cooling rates as a function of wall thickness for castings made with conventional molding sand, as. Production of carbidefree thin ductile iron castings.
Research programs aimed at improving production technology, solving long standing production problems, and providing better manufacturing. Austempered ductile iron production properties applications 1. As part of their work, the university of michigan um evaluated published literature to conclude that pvc should be evaluated with a design life of 50 years, whereas ductile iron pipe could be expected to serve 100 years or more. Ductile iron, also called nodular iron or spheroidal graphite iron, is characterized by the presence of graphite in nodular or spheroidal form in the resultant casting. Recent development of ductile cast iron production. Ductile iron is characterized by having all of its graphite occur in microscopic spheroids. The reasonable control of the sulfur content is an important condition in the production of ductile iron. They are commonly used for potable water distribution and the pumping of slurries, sewage and process chemicals. The production of ductile iron is 3035% cheaper than steel and 34% times cheaper than nonferrous alloys and only 2030% more costly than normal grey iron.
Metal technologies currently has the capacity to produce 110,000 tons of ductile iron each year. Jan 31, 2020 this statistic shows the sales volume of ductile iron castings for machinery and mechanical appliances based on prodcom estimates in the united kingdom uk from 2008 to 2018, in metric tons. It is a comprehensive summary of data describing the engineering properties of ductile iron. Introduction base iron composition steps in production of s. Solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron iso 1083js. A more detailed description of the joints used with ductile iron pipe is found in chapter 5 of this manual. Optimization of solid solution strengthened ferritic. Annealed cast ductile iron can be bent, twisted or deformed without fracturing. 12930 march 2001 with 9,571 reads how we measure reads. Ductile iron data for design engineers revised edition. This statistic shows the sales volume of ductile iron castings for machinery and mechanical appliances based on prodcom estimates in. A comprehensive study was carried out to design a production route for thin wall ductile iron castings free of eutectic carbides.
It has graphite in form of spheroids embedded in a steel matrix, mainly ferrite or pearlite. The present invention relates to a method for nodularizing treatment of ductile iron using a ladle treatment method for nodularizing of a magnesium ferrosilicon alloy, where a magnesium ferrosilicon nodularizing alloy consisting essentially of 40 to 80% by weight of silicon, 2 to 15% by weight of magnesium, 0. Production and properties of thinwall ductile iron. Ductile iron what ductile iron is ductile iron is a family of cast graphitic irons which possess high strength, ductility and resistance to shock. The added amount of nodulizer in nodulizing and breeding treatment should be based on molten iron composition, casting wall thickness, and absorption rate. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The castings show the presence of carbides in the bars. One old round red faucet on a yellow iron gas pipe water pipes joined with valves water supply system two large pipeline valves on the heating main pipes pipes and valves at oil refinery drink water pipes joined gate valves and reduction members. Mechanical joint pipe sizes 30inch through 48inch were eliminated from ansiawwa c151a21. Ductile iron production practices karsay, stephen i on. Ductile iron also dissipates gets rid of heat very well and can be machined fairly easily, though ductile iron is harder to work with than regular gray cast iron.
Ductile cast iron dampens vibration and sound much better than steel would making ductile iron a good match for use on large machines. Difference between galvanized pipe and ductile cast iron. Because of the high cooling rate of thinwall ductile iron castings, they said special practices and procedures are needed to assure the development of a. In ductile irons, graphite is in the form of nodules rather than flakes as in grey iron. Mechanical properties of sg iron with different matrix structure article pdf available in journal of materials science 365. Rm 72520 psi with a514% achieved by the solution strengthening of the ferritic matrix by silicon with contents between 3% and 4.
Ductile iron is a high strength, tough material used in water and wastewater systems in all 50 states of the united states and in many other areas of the world. Detailed standards for ductile iron pipe, fittings, and appurtenances are available from the american water works association awwa. Oct 17, 2017 this is done to make iron more flexible and elastic. The ductile iron used to manufacture the pipe is characterized by the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite within the iron. Analysis of the thixoability of astm a536 ductile iron. The key difference between galvanized pipe and ductile cast iron is that galvanized pipes are produced by applying a zinc coating to cover the surface of pipes whereas ductile cast iron is produced by mixing graphite with iron. Quickly recognized as a pipe material with all the good qual. The youngest but most successful member of a truly ancient family, ductile iron has suffered from an abundance of myths and a lack.
The seminar is organized to instruct operations people on the basics of producing quality ductile iron castings. Click download or read online button to get ductile iron handbook book now. It is widely used due to its favorable characteristic features. However, systematically increases production of aluminum alloys castings. Another presentation on thinwall casting production 074 by a. Recent development of ductile cast iron production technology.
The standard contains three new solid solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron grades. The ductile cast iron standard in europe also considers new ductile cast iron grades with a unique combination of tensile strength with high elongation e. Although this graphite constitutes about 10% by volume of ductile iron, its compact spherical shape minimizes the effect on mechanical properties and results in a structure that is ductile rather than brittle, as is the case with normal flake graphite. Effect of basic chemical element in sgi ductile iron.
Abstract the investigations presented in this contribution were targeted to replace a gear group made up of sae 8620 steel in army jeeps with microstructural controlled austempered ductile iron, in order to reduce the manufacturing steps. Nov 28, 2015 the ductile cast iron standard in europe also considers new ductile cast iron grades with a unique combination of tensile strength with high elongation e. It differs from cast iron by greater tensile strength and its significant elongation at break. Side view of ductile iron pipes stored in open space store yard. It is not intended to be a complete textbook or handbook on ductile iron. The title describes both the contents and the objective of this book. Processing techniques and productions of ductile iron. As the composition of the considered iron is close to eutectic, during heating most of the liquid is formed in the eutectic fig.
It is also known as ductile, nodular or spherulitic iron. Austempered ductile iron production properties applications. American mechanical joint ductile iron pipe is produced in 412 sizes and in special thickness class 53 only. The new grades tolerate a higher amount of pearlite and carbide stabilizing elements without the. In this study, a test casting assembly with section thicknesses from 3 to 10 mm representative of actual castings was designed using computer modeling technique. Ductile iron usually hypereutectic is produced by treatment with magnesium immediately prior to pouring castings see fig. The chemical compositions in ductile iron are always considered in the range. Production and properties of thinwall ductile iron castings. Ductile iron pipe and fittings manual of water supply practices m41 third edition awwa manual m41. Continuous testing and field experience have brought the production and use of ductile iron pipe to maturity. The first step of the production of ductile iron cast. While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions.